Journal article
Drift or New Class? Without Labels a Drifted Class and a New One Can Produce the Same Stream, the Two Lines of Work With the Most Explicit Assumptions Each Get an Answer by Freezing the Variable the Other Lets Move, and No Located Benchmark Scores the Attribution
(c) 2026 Pranay Mahendrakar. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. A classifier deployed on a stream eventually sees inputs its model does not explain. Two different events can produce them: a known class can have drifted, or a class that did not exist in training can have appeared. The stream-mining…