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Preprint

A Hidden Shift Is Not a Hidden Bias: What a Representation-Level Counterfactual Gap Certifies About an LLM Recommender, Why the Encoded-Versus-Expressed Studies Disagree, and the Placebo, Mediation and Transport Tests That Would Settle It

Pranay Mahendrakar 2026

Life of Research (c) 2026 Pranay Mahendrakar. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Fairness audits of language-model recommenders compare the lists a model returns when a single stated identity is swapped and the rest of the prompt is held fixed. A 2026 benchmark adds a second axis, the displacement of the…

Cite Related research LOR-00115 · 18 views · 35 downloads Select “A Hidden Shift Is Not a Hidden Bias: What a…” for export

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