Journal article
An Unknown Unknown Is Defined Relative to an Oracle: Four Places External Judgement Enters Blind-Spot Discovery, and Why the Self-Detection Results Do Not Remove It
An unknown unknown is standardly defined as an input on which a model makes a high-confidence mistake. The definition is not incidental to the research problem; it fixes its shape. A quantity defined by the conjunction of high confidence and error cannot be recovered from confidence alone, and the…